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First Name: H.

Last Name: Schwarzkopf

Birthplace: Trenton, NJ, USA

Gender: Male

Branch: Army (1784 - present)



Middle Name: Norman



Date of Birth: 22 August 1934

Date of Death: 27 December 2012

Rank: General

Years Served: 1956-1991
H. Norman Schwarzkopf
'Stormin' Norman'

   
Graduate, U.S. Military Academy, Class of 1956

Engagements:
•  Vietnam War (1960 - 1973)
•  Operation Urgent Fury - Granada (1983)
•  Gulf War (1990 - 1991)

Biography:

H. Norman "Stormin' Norman" Schwarzkopf
General, U.S. Army

The Early Years

H. Norman Schwarzkopf was born Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr. on 22 August 1934 in Trenton, NJ, the son of Herbert Norman and Ruth Alice Bowman Schwarzkopf. His father served in the U.S. Army before becoming the Superintendent of the New Jersey State Police, where he worked as a lead investigator on the infamous Lindbergh kidnapping. However, he later returned to an Army career and rose to the rank of Major General. In January 1952, Schwarzkopf's birth certificate was amended to make his name "H. Norman Schwarzkopf."

His connection with the Persian Gulf region began at an early age. In 1946, when he was 12, he and the rest of his family moved to Iran to join their father, who was stationed in Tehran. (His father would later be instrumental in Operation Ajax, eventually forming the Shah's secret police SAVAK.) H. Norman attended the Community High School in Tehran and later, the International School of Geneva at La Châtaigneraie. He then attended and graduated from Valley Forge Military Academy. He was also a member of Mensa.

Formal Education

After attending Valley Forge Military Academy, Schwarzkopf attended the U.S. Military Academy, where he graduated 43rd in the Class of 1956 with a B.S. degree. He attended the University of Southern California, where he received a Master of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1964. His special field of study was guided missile engineering, a program that USC developed with the Army, which incorporated both aeronautical and mechanical training. He would later attend the U.S. Army War College as well.

Military Career

Upon graduating from West Point he was commissioned a Second Lieutenant. He attended Advanced Infantry and Airborne Training at Fort Benning, GA. He was a platoon leader and served as Executive Officer of the 2nd Airborne Battle Group, 187th Airborne Infantry Regiment at Fort Campbell, KY. Next he was aide-de-camp to the Berlin Brigade in 1960-61, a crucial time in the history of that divided city (the Berlin Wall was erected by East German and Soviet forces only a week after he left). In 1965, after completing his Master's degree at USC, Schwarzkopf served at West Point as an instructor in the Mechanical Engineering Department.

Vietnam War Service

More and more of his former classmates were heading to Vietnam as advisors to the South Vietnamese Army and, in 1965, following Schwarzkopf's first year as a member of the faculty at West Point, he applied to join them. Schwarzkopf served as a Task Force Advisor to a South Vietnamese Airborne Division; during that time he was promoted from Captain to Major. When his tour of duty in Vietnam was over, he returned to serve out the remaining two years of his obligated teaching service at West Point. In 1968, Major Schwarzkopf became a Lieutenant Colonel. In this same year, he married Brenda Holsinger.

One of the most remarkable incidents in a very distinguished career happened on his second tour in Vietnam in March 1970. When Schwarzkopf received word that men under his command had encountered a minefield on the notorious Batangan Peninsula, he rushed to the scene in his helicopter, as was his custom while a battalion commander, in order to make his helicopter available. He found several soldiers still trapped in the minefield. Schwarzkopf urged them to retrace their steps slowly. Still, one man tripped a mine and was severely injured but remained conscious. As the wounded man flailed in agony, the soldiers around him feared that he would set off another mine. Schwarzkopf, also injured by the explosion, crawled across the minefield to the wounded man and held him down (using a "pinning" technique from his wrestling days at West Point) so another could splint his shattered leg. One soldier stepped away to break a branch from a nearby tree to make the splint. In doing so, he too hit a mine that killed him and the two men closest to him; it also blew an arm and a leg off Schwarzkopf's artillery liaison officer. Eventually, Schwarzkopf led his surviving men to safety, by ordering the division engineers to mark the locations of the mines with shaving cream. (Some of the mines were of French manufacture and dated back to the Indochina conflict of the 1950s; others were brought by Japanese forces in World War II). Schwarzkopf was awarded his third Silver Star for his bravery but, more importantly to Schwarzkopf, he firmly cemented his reputation as an officer who would risk his life for the soldiers under his command.

Schwarzkopf was always known as a tough, but caring, officer. He told his men that they might not like some of his strict rules, but it was for their own good. He told them "When you get on that plane to go home, if the last thing you think about me is 'I hate that son of a bitch', then that is fine because you're going home alive." Lt. General Hal Moore later wrote that it was during his time in Vietnam that Schwarzkopf acquired what would later become his infamous temper, while arguing via radio for passing American Huey's to land and pick up his wounded men.

The Rise to General

During the '70s, Schwarzkopf's star continued to rise. He attended the U.S. Army War College at Carlisle Barracks, PA (delayed for a year so that he could undergo back surgery for a congenital back condition that was aggravated by his combat services); served on the Army General Staff at the Pentagon; was Deputy Commander of U.S. Forces Alaska under Brigadier General Willard Latham; and served as Commander of the 1st Brigade of the 9th Infantry Division at Fort Lewis, WA. After his promotion to Brigadier General, he was assigned as Plans & Policy Officer (Assistant J-3) at U.S. Pacific Command for two years. He then served as Assistant Division Commander (Support) of the 8th Mechanized Division and as Community Commander of Mainz, West Germany. (During that time, the city was visited by Pope John Paul II, thus putting Schwarzkopf in charge of the U.S. security forces during the Pontiff's visit.)

He was promoted to Major General, and given command of the 24th Mechanized Infantry Division at Fort Stewart, GA. A year into this assignment, a coup had taken place on the tiny Caribbean island of Grenada. With Cuban assistance, the Grenadian revolutionaries were building an airfield that U.S. intelligence suspected would be used to supply insurgents in Central America. It was also feared that Americans studying on the island might be taken hostage. Since an amphibious landing was called for, the entire operation was placed under the command of an admiral. Schwarzkopf was sent by the Army as an advisor to the Navy to make sure the Army units attached to the task force were used correctly. He quickly won the confidence of his superior and was named Deputy Commander of the Joint Task Force. While the Grenada operation proved more difficult than its planners had anticipated, the coup was quickly thwarted. Order was restored, elections were scheduled, and the American students returned home unharmed.

In 1985, Schwarzkopf returned to the Pentagon to serve as an assistant to Lieutenant General Carl Vuono (who was then Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations). In 1986, Schwarzkopf was promoted to Lieutenant General and appointed as Commanding General of I Corps at Ft. Lewis. After only one year in command, he was called back to Washington to serve as Vuono's assistant (Vuono himself was promoted to General of the Army's Training and Doctrine Command, only later to become Army Chief of Staff), this time in the Operations Deputy Chief position.

The Gulf War

In 1988, he was promoted to General and appointed Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. Central Command based at MacDill Air Force Base, in Tampa, FL. At that time, CENTCOM was responsible for operations in the Horn of Africa, the Middle East and South Asia. As CINC, Schwarzkopf prepared a detailed plan for the defense of the oil fields of the Persian Gulf against a hypothetical invasion by Iraq, among other plans.

The Iraq plan served as the basis of the USCENTCOM wargame of 1990. Within the same month, Iraq invaded Kuwait, and Schwarzkopf's plan had an immediate practical application: It was the basis for Operation Desert Shield; the defense of Saudi Arabia. As overall commander, Schwarzkopf initially was concerned that operational forces in the theater were inadequately supplied and equipped for large-scale combat in a desert environment. As the result of initiatives by General Schwarzkopf, during preparations for Desert Storm the Desert camouflage combat uniform was produced in 100% cotton poplin, without reinforcement panels, in order to improve comfort for U.S. troops operating in the hot, dry desert conditions. A total of 500,000 improved cotton BDUs were ordered. However, cost concerns caused the cotton six-color Desert BDU to be discontinued shortly after the Gulf War. A few months later, General Schwarzkopf's offensive operational plan, called Operation Desert Storm (co-authored with his Deputy Commander, Lieutenant General Cal Waller and others on his staff), was the "left hook" strategy that went into Iraq behind the Iraqi forces occupying Kuwait and was widely credited with bringing the ground war to a close in just four days. As Commander of the Coalition Forces in the Persian Gulf War of 1991, he was personally very visible in the conduct of the war, giving frequent press conferences, and was dubbed "Stormin' Norman."

After the war, Schwarzkopf was offered the position of Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army by Secretary of the Army Michael P.W. Stone, but he declined. General Schwarzkopf retired from active service in August 1991.

Medals, Awards and Badges

Defense Distinguished Service Medal
Army Distinguished Service Medal with 3 Bronze Oak Leaf Clusters
Navy Distinguished Service Medal
Air Force Distinguished Service Medal
Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal
Silver Star Medal with 2 Bronze Oak Leaf Clusters
Defense Superior Service Medal
Legion of Merit
Distinguished Flying Cross
Bronze Star Medal with Valor Device and 2 Bronze Oak Leaf Clusters
Purple Heart with Bronze Oak Leaf Cluster
Meritorious Service Medal with Silver and Bronze Oak Leaf Cluster
Air Medal with Award Numeral 9
Army Commendation Medal with Valor Device and 3 Bronze Oak Leaf Clusters
Army of Occupation Medal
National Defense Service Medal with Bronze Star
Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal
Vietnam Service Medal with 4 Bronze Stars
Southwest Asia Service Medal with 3 Bronze Stars
Army Service Ribbon
Army Overseas Service Ribbon with Award Numeral 3
Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with 2 Bronze Palms and Bronze Star
Vietnam Campaign Medal
Kuwait Liberation Medal (Saudi Arabia)
Kuwait Liberation Medal (Kuwait)
Army Meritorious Unit Commendation
Vietnam Gallantry Cross Unit Citation
Vietnam Civil Actions Medal
Vietnam Armed Forces Honor Medal, First Class
Combat Infantryman Badge
Master Parachutist Badge
Office of the Secretary of Defense Identification Badge
Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge
Army Staff Identification Badge

U.S. Non-Military and Foreign Military Awards

Presidential Medal of Freedom
Congressional Gold Medal
United States Republican Senatorial Medal of Freedom
Republic of Vietnam Master Parachutist Badge
Knight Commander in the Military Division of Most Honourable Order of the Bath (Honorary)
Legion d'honneur (France)

Honors

• Distinguished German-American of the Year 2006

• Inducted in the New Jersey Hall of Fame in 2008.

• Honorary board member of the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation.

• General Schwarzkopf was made an Honorary member of the French Foreign Legion, an unprecedented, yet well-deserved honor to a great military Commander.

• An elementary school was named after him in Lutz, FL.

In Retirement

Shortly after retiring, he wrote an autobiography, It Doesn't Take a Hero, published in 1992. There was some speculation in the aftermath of the Gulf War that he might run for political office, but he did not. In retirement, Schwarzkopf has served as a military analyst for NBC, most recently for Operation Iraqi Freedom, along with promoting prostate cancer awareness, a disease with which he was diagnosed in 1993, and for which he was successfully treated.

Recently, Schwarzkopf has donated most of his time to multiple charities, and community activities. He sits on the board for Remington, and several other high-profile corporations. Schwarzkopf currently lives in Florida.

Political Endorsements

Schwarzkopf supported President George W. Bush in his successful 2004 re-election bid against Democratic nominee John Kerry, stating "(President Bush) is the candidate who has demonstrated the conviction needed to defeat terrorism. In contrast to the President's steadfast determination to defeat our enemies, Senator Kerry has a record of weakness that gives me no confidence in his ability to fight and win the War on Terror." However, by December 2004, Schwarzkopf became critical of the Iraq War and Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld. Schwarzkopf endorsed Republican nominee John McCain in the 2008 presidential election.

Media

Madonna paid a special tribute to General Schwarzkopf during the 1990 Oscar's ceremony on 25 March 1991 at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, CA. When she performed the Academy Award winning song Sooner Or Later (I Always Get My Man) from the film Dick Tracy written by Stephen Sondheim, she added the line "Talk to me General Schwarzkopf, tell me all about it." Her performance was homage to Marilyn Monroe and saluting the General was reminiscent of the 1950s when Monroe paid her respects to General Dwight D. Eisenhower.

Quotes

"As far as Saddam Hussein being a great military strategist, he is neither a strategist, nor is he schooled in the operational arts, nor is he a tactician, nor is he a general, nor is he a soldier. Other than that, he's a great military man, I want you to know that."

"It doesn't take a hero to order men into battle. It takes a hero to be one of those men who goes into battle."

"There's more than one way to look at a problem, and they all may be right."

"You can't help someone up a hill, without getting a little bit closer to the top yourself."

"Any army activity involving troops can turn into total chaos at any moment" -It Doesn't Take a Hero

Death and Burial

General H. Norman Schwarzkopf died on 27 December 2012, in Tampa, FL, at age 78 due to complications from pneumonia. He was buried near his father, Colonel Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf (Class of 1917) at West Point Cemetery, West Point, NY, on 28 February 2013.

He is survived by wife Brenda and children: Cynthia Schwarzkopf of Lithia, FL, a professional coach and inspiration speaker; Jessica Schwarzkopf, film and television producer based in Tampa, FL; and Christian Schwarzkopf.



Honoree ID: 323   Created by: MHOH

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